Organization of Union and Confederate Armies: Infantry, Cavalry, ArtilleryĬivil War Navy: Union Navy and Confederate NavyĪmerican Civil War: Casualties, Battles and BattlefieldsĬivil War Casualties, Fatalities & StatisticsĪmerican Civil War Desertion and Deserters: Union and ConfederateĬivil War Prisoner of War: Union and Confederate Prison HistoryĬivil War Reconstruction Era and AftermathĪmerican Civil War Genealogy and ResearchĪmerican Civil War Pictures - PhotographsĪfrican Americans and American Civil War History Southern workers tended to fight their labor battles in isolation from shop to shop and town to town, so they rarely built a broader labor movement that could survive the hardships of the postwar era.Causes of the Civil War : What Caused the Civil War While worker discontent and resentment of “a rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight” were common across the sectional divide, Northern workers exercised greater coordination of their resistance through citywide trade assemblies, national trade unions, traveling organizers, and labor newspapers. Employers sometimes countered their employees’ increasing organization and resistance with industry associations that tried to break strikes and blacklist those who walked off their jobs. Labor unions, in decline since the depression of 1857, sprung back to life, especially in the war’s later years. Protests and strikes began in 1861 and increased in number and intensity from 1863 to the war’s conclusion. They often resisted changes pressed on them in the workplace-new technology, military discipline, unskilled newcomers-as well as wages that always lagged behind rising prices. Yet workers were not always satisfied with a job and appeals to back the boys in blue and gray without question. The growing demand for war material opened employment opportunities for women and men, girls and boys, across the Union and Confederacy. Though many workers initially voiced skepticism of plans for sundering the nation, once Southern states seceded most workers rallied round their rival flags and pledged to support their respective war efforts. From the firing on Fort Sumter in April 1861 until the Confederacy surrendered in the spring of 1865, workers-North and South-labored long hours under often trying conditions at wages that rarely kept pace with wartime inflation.
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